Terrorists In Retirement
A powerful addendum to The Sorrow And The Pity, Marcel Ophüls' landmark 260-minute documentary about the German occupation of France, Marco Boucault's Terrorists In Retirement also punctures the notion that the French Resistance was an exemplar of heroic solidarity. Boucault's incendiary claims about the massive betrayal of mostly Jewish immigrant fighters by the French Communist Party caused the film to be banned briefly from the country's television networks in 1983, and it's only now receiving a proper debut in America. Classified under the acronym FTP-MOI (roughly meaning "immigrant labor force"), this 200-member underground terrorist unit was sent on the most dangerous missions in Paris, attacking German officials and targets with astonishing regularity. The group first gained notoriety in 1944, when the Nazis plastered the city with posters announcing the capture, trial, and execution of 22 "Jewish, Armenian, and other stateless terrorists," each of them pictured and identified by name. The men on the posters would be recognized for their heroism later, but Boucault pins their demise and that of other MOI fighters on the Communists, who anticipated the political power struggle after the war and didn't want names like Mitzflicker or Kojitski to spoil their appeal to French nationalists. While many MOI members were killed in Nazi concentration camps, Boucault found seven who miraculously slipped through the cracks, and, now in their 60s and 70s, were quietly relegated to a humble existence in the 11th arrondissement in eastern Paris. As refugees from Hungary, Poland, and other parts of Central and Eastern Europe, they settled in Paris and worked primarily as tailors until the occupation. Poignantly, Boucault finds them still hovering over their sewing machines 40 years later, each living out their remaining days alone, their families and compatriots long since exterminated. In its most thrilling sequences, the film stages reenactments of their remarkable exploits, which serve as both an illuminating look at guerrilla techniques and an almost nostalgic opportunity for the men to relive their old triumphs and reclaim their lost heroism. Though he ostensibly presents both sides of the argument, Boucault's speculation about the culpability of the French Communist Party is convincing but one-sided, with little credence given to the opposing view. But as a document of shamefully discarded heroes, Terrorists In Retirement has enduring value and poignancy.